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URL
URL is a Uniform Resource Locator. Earlier it was called Universal Resource Locator. URL is a standardized way to record a resource address in Internet.
The URL is the Internet address of a page or other World Wide Web resource that includes the protocol and complete network location of the page or file. The absolute URL includes a protocol, such as "http," network location and optional path and file name. For example, http://www.topwebhosting.org/index.html is an absolute URL.
URL was invented by Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee in 1990 in the Organization for Nuclear Research - CERN - in Geneva, Switzerland. URL became a fundamental innovation in Internet. Primordially the URL was meant to indicate the resource location (almost files) in the World network. Now URL is used to mark the addresses of almost all Internet resources. The URL standard is fixed in the document RFC 1738.
The URL appearance became a considerable innovation in Internet. Nevertheless, the URL standard has many disadvantages. The main is that it is possible to use only a limited symbol set: Latin letters, figures and only some stops. The usage of Cyrillic symbols, Japanese hieroglyphs and some special symbols used in French, Italian, German etc. is impossible. A URL that contains such symbols should be coded.
Another noticeable disadvantage is that the URL isn't flexible. Resources in the World network are constantly being moved but the URL references remain and indicate to non-existent resources. This is extremely badly for electronic libraries, catalogues and encyclopedias. To resolve this problem there were proposed PURL (Persistent Uniform Resource Locator) -constant locators.